21Relay
Intermediate curriculum
Lesson 812 minReviewed July 2026

Coin Control

Use UTXO selection deliberately to manage fees, preserve useful labels and avoid linking unrelated wallet history.

Learning outcomes

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

  • Coin control means choosing specific UTXOs as inputs.
  • Labels preserve off-chain context for future decisions.
  • Consolidation may reduce future fees but creates public links.
  • Always preview inputs, outputs, fee and change before signing.
1

Automatic selection is a trade-off

Most wallets automatically choose UTXOs using an algorithm that balances fee cost, change creation and efficiency. This is convenient and often appropriate.

Coin control exposes individual UTXOs so the user can override selection. Careless manual selection can increase fees or weaken privacy.

2

Labels preserve context

A local UTXO label can record where funds came from, their purpose or whether combining them would reveal information. Labels should not be published on-chain.

Before spending, review selected inputs, labels, recipient, fee and change destination. Avoid combining unrelated sources without understanding the privacy consequence.

3

Consolidation has timing costs

Combining small UTXOs when fee rates are low can reduce the size of a future payment, but consolidation publicly links those outputs.

The right choice depends on future use, current fees and privacy goals. Coin control is a decision tool, not a universal instruction to consolidate.

Visual recap

A deliberate coin-control decision

Review labelled UTXOs and check cost, links and change before signing.

01

Review labels

02

Select UTXOs

03

Check links

04

Preview fee

05

Inspect change

06

Sign

Key takeaways

  • Coin control means choosing specific UTXOs as inputs.
  • Labels preserve off-chain context for future decisions.
  • Consolidation may reduce future fees but creates public links.
  • Always preview inputs, outputs, fee and change before signing.

Lesson recap

Check what you learned

Reveal each model answer, then honestly mark whether you understood it or need another review.

1 of 3

Recall

What is the privacy cost of consolidating unrelated UTXOs?

References

Further reading

Lesson progress

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